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Natural Sciences |
Natural sciences form the basis for the applied
sciences. Together, the natural and applied sciences are
distinguished from the social
sciences on the one hand, and from the humanities
and the arts
on the other. Mathematics,
statistics
and computer
science are not natural sciences, but provide many tools and frameworks used within the natural sciences.
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Astronomy is the science
of celestial objects (e.g., stars, planets,
comets,
and galaxies)
and phenomena
that originate outside the Earth's
atmosphere (e.g., auroras
and cosmic
background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics,
chemistry,
meteorology,and
motion
of celestial objects, as well as the formation
and development of the universe. Astronomy -
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Biology is the
branch of science
dealing with the study of living
organisms. It is concerned with the characteristics,
classification,
and behaviors
of organisms,
how species
come into existence,
and the interactions they have with each other and with the natural
environment. Biology -
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Chemistry is the science
of matter
at the atomic
to molecular
scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules,
crystals,
and metals.
Chemistry deals with the composition and statistical properties of
such structures, as well as their transformations and interactions
to become materials encountered in everyday life. Chemistry -
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Physics is the science
concerned with the discovery and understanding of the fundamental
laws which govern matter,
energy,
space
and time.
Physics is a study of the inorganic, physical world, as opposed to
the organic world of biology
and physiology.
Chemistry
concerning the electro-chemical
interactions of substances overlaps with physics. Physics -
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Earth Sciences is an
all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.
There are both reductionist
and holistic
approaches to Earth science. The major historic disciplines
use physics,
geology,
mathematics,
chemistry,
and biology
to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres
of the Earth system. Earth science -
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